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Neurofeedback Therapy for Fibromyalgia & Chronic Pain
Fibromyalgia and chronic pain conditions involve ongoing discomfort that can affect many parts of daily life. People may experience widespread pain, fatigue, sleep difficulties, and trouble concentrating. These symptoms are real and can vary from person to person in intensity and pattern.

Research suggests that chronic pain conditions are not only related to the body, but also to how the brain processes and interprets signals. In fibromyalgia, the nervous system may become more sensitive, meaning that the brain responds more strongly to sensations that might not normally be painful. Over time, this heightened sensitivity can make it harder for the body to return to a balanced state.
Fibromyalgia & Chronic Pain Symptoms
Fibromyalgia and chronic pain can show up in many different ways. Common experiences include:
- Ongoing, widespread pain or tenderness
- Fatigue or low energy, even after rest
- Difficulty sleeping or feeling unrefreshed
- Trouble focusing, often described as “brain fog”
- Increased sensitivity to touch, sound, or light
- Headaches or muscle stiffness
- Emotional strain, such as feeling overwhelmed or stressed
These symptoms often fluctuate. Some days may feel more manageable, while others can feel more intense. This variability is a common part of chronic pain conditions.
How does it show up in the brain?
Chronic pain conditions like fibromyalgia are linked to changes in how the brain processes information. Brain imaging studies suggest that areas involved in pain perception, attention, and emotional regulation may function differently in individuals with chronic pain.
Some key patterns that have been observed include:
- Increased sensitivity in pain-processing regions
- Differences in how the brain filters sensory input
- Changes in connectivity between brain networks involved in attention and self-awareness
- Altered activity in regions related to stress and emotional regulation
These patterns do not mean that something is “wrong” with the brain. Rather, they reflect how the brain has adapted over time. Neurofeedback aims to support more flexible and balanced activity within these networks, which may influence how sensations and stress are experienced.
How does Neurofeedback help/treatment Outcomes
Research suggests that neurofeedback may be associated with changes in how the brain processes pain and regulates attention and emotional responses. These changes may support improvements in areas such as pain awareness, stress response, and overall functioning. It is important to note that neurofeedback does not directly target pain in a medical sense. Instead, it works by supporting the brain’s ability to self-regulate. Some individuals report changes in how they experience discomfort, improved sleep, or greater ease in daily activities over time.
What other therapies do we offer that can help?
In addition to Neurofeedback (NFB), Boston Neurodynamics provides a range of complementary, evidence-informed therapies.
These modalities are designed to support brain and body regulation and can be used individually or in combination.
- Biofeedback (BFB): Helps individuals gain awareness and control over physiological functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscle tension to promote relaxation and stress management.
- Bioregulation Therapy (BRT): Uses gentle electromagnetic signals to encourage the body’s natural self-regulation and restore balance in the nervous system.
- Photobiomodulation (PBM): Uses light (photonic) energy to modulate the function of cells; this is accomplished by stimulating molecular entities capable of absorbing discrete wavelengths.
- Psychotherapy: Provides a supportive environment to explore emotions, behaviors, and thought patterns while integrating neurophysiological insights for more effective outcomes.
- Stress Management and Resiliency Training (SMART): This program helps participants regain control and build resilience through a variety of mind and body principles and self-care interventions,leading to reduced medical symptoms and enhanced quality of life.
Stop Fighting Your Body and Start Calming the Alarm.
Living with chronic pain means your nervous system is permanently locked in survival mode, misinterpreting everyday sensory data as an emergency. Medication masks the signals, but neurofeedback goes straight to the source—training your brain to dial down its hyper-sensitivity so you can safely return to a balanced, more comfortable state of being.

Selected Fibromyalgia/Chronic Pain and Neurofeedback related research
- Al-Taleb, M. K. H., Purcell, M., Fraser, M., & Vuckovic, A. (2019). Home-based brain-computer interface neurofeedback for central neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury: A pilot study. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 16(1), Article 94. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-019-0565-3
- Alba, G., Terrasa, J. L., Vila, J., Montoya, P., & Muñoz, M. A. (2022). EEG-heart rate connectivity changes after sensorimotor rhythm neurofeedback training: Ancillary study. Neurophysiologie Clinique, 52(1), 58-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2021.11.003
- Barbosa-Torres, C. (2019). Neurofeedback para mejorar la atención, el dolor crónico y la calidad de vida en pacientes con fibromialgia [Neurofeedback to improve attention, chronic pain, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia]. Atención Primaria, 51(5), 316-317.
- Barbosa-Torres, C., & Cubo-Delgado, S. (2021). Clinical findings in SMR neurofeedback protocol training in women with fibromyalgia syndrome. Brain Sciences, 11(8), Article 1069. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11081069
- Bismuth, J., Vialatte, F., & Lefaucheur, J. P. (2020). Relieving peripheral neuropathic pain by increasing the power-ratio of low-β over high-β activities in the central cortical region with EEG-based neurofeedback: Study protocol for a controlled pilot trial (SMRPain study). Neurophysiologie Clinique, 50(1), 5-20.
- Caro, X. J., & Winter, E. F. (2011). EEG biofeedback treatment improves certain attention and somatic symptoms in fibromyalgia: A pilot study. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 36(3), 193-200.
- Fallon, N., Chiu, Y., Nurmikko, T., & Stancak, A. (2018). Altered theta oscillations in resting EEG of fibromyalgia syndrome patients. European Journal of Pain, 22(1), 49-57.
- Goldway, N., Ablin, J., Lubin, O., Zamir, Y., Keynan, J. N., Or-Borichev, A., Cavazza, M., Charles, F., Intrator, N., Brill, S., Ben-Simon, E., Sharon, H., & Hendler, T. (2019). Volitional limbic neuromodulation exerts a beneficial clinical effect on Fibromyalgia. NeuroImage, 186, 758-770.
- Jensen, M. P., Gianas, A., Sherlin, Leslie H., & Howe, J. D. (2015). Pain catastrophizing and EEG-α asymmetry. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 31(10), 852-858. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000182
- Jensen, M. P., Grierson, C., Tracy-Smith, V., Bacigalupi, S. C., & Othmer, S. (2007). Neurofeedback treatment for pain associated with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I. Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(1), 45-53. https://doi.org/10.1300/J184v11n01_04
- Kayıran, S., Dursun, E., Dursun, N., Ermutlu, N., & Karamürsel, S. (2010). Neurofeedback intervention in fibromyalgia syndrome; a randomized, controlled, rater blind clinical trial. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 35(4), 293-302.
- Kovacevic, M. A., & Vuckovic, A. (2021). Brain-computer interface neurofeedback for central neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: Evaluation of a practical protocol. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 29, 438-447. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2021.3059174
- Kubik, A., & Biedroń, A. (2013). Neurofeedback therapy in patients with acute and chronic pain syndromes-literature review and own experience. Przegląd Lekarski, 70(7), 440-442.
- Loggia, M. L., Berna, C., Kim, J., Cahalan, C. M., Martel, M. O., Gollub, R. L., Wasan, A. D., Napadow, V., & Edwards, R. R. (2015). The lateral prefrontal cortex mediates the hyperalgesic effects of negative cognitions in chronic pain patients. The Journal of Pain, 16(8), 692-699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2015.04.003
- Mayaud, L., Wu, H., Barthélemy, Q., Favennec, P., Delpierre, Y., Congedo, M., Dupeyron, A., & Ritz, M. (2019). Alpha-phase synchrony EEG training for multi-resistant chronic low back pain patients: An open-label pilot study. European Spine Journal, 28(11), 2487-2501.
- Orakpo, N., Vieux, U., & Castro-Nuñez, C. (2021). Case Report: Virtual Reality Neurofeedback Therapy as a Novel Modality for Sustained Analgesia in Centralized Pain Syndromes. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, Article 660105.
- Patel, K., Henshaw, J., Sutherland, H., Taylor, J. R., Casson, A. J., Lopez-Diaz, K., Brown, C. A., Jones, A. K. P., Sivan, M., & Truong, D. (2021). Using alpha neurofeedback to treat chronic pain: A systematic review of the literature. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 15, Article 635198. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.635198
- Prinsloo, S., Novy, D., Driver, L., Lyle, R., Ramondetta, L., Eng, C., Lopez, G., Li, Y., & Cohen, L. (2018). The long-term impact of neurofeedback on symptom burden and interference in patients with chronic chemotherapy-induced neuropathy: Analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 55(5), 1276-1285.
- Roy, R., de la Vega, R., Jensen, M. P., & Miró, J. (2020). Neurofeedback for Pain Management: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, Article 671.
- Simis, M., Pacheco-Barrios, K., Uygur-Kucukseymen, Elif., Castelo-Branco, L., Battistella, L. R., & Fregni, F. (2022). Specific electroencephalographic signatures for pain and descending pain inhibitory system in spinal cord injury. Pain Medicine, 23(5), 955-964.
- Terrasa, J. L., Barros-Loscertales, A., Montoya, P., & Muñoz, M. A. (2020). Self-regulation of SMR power led to an enhancement of functional connectivity of somatomotor cortices in fibromyalgia patients. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, Article 236.
- Vučković, A., Al-Taleb, M. K. H., Fraser, M., McSorley, A. A., & Purcell, M. (2021). EEG correlates of home-based brain-computer interface neurofeedback training for central neuropathic pain in chronic spinal cord injury: A qualitative and quantitative assessment. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15, Article 771436.


